☢ test - Í

8. RESIDENCES See subheading SEARCHES – RESIDENCES, below ......................................................... 2601 9. WARRANTLESS ARRESTS ......................................................................................................................... 2601 10. WHAT CONSTITUTES See also EVIDENCE – STATEMENTS BY DEFENDANT - CUSTODIAL INTERROGATION – WHEN IS DEFENDANT “IN CUSTODY” FOR MIRANDA PURPOSES?, above, and subheading HANDCUFFS, AS DETERMINATIVE OF TIER LEVEL , below ..................................................... 2602 B. ARTICULABLE SUSPICION FOR STOP / TERRY STOPS See also DUI – LESS SAFE – EVIDENCE – ARTICULABLE SUSPICION FOR STOP, above, and SEARCH & SEIZURE – INFORMANTS, below ............. 2613 1. ARREST WARRANT..................................................................................................................................... 2613 2. AUTOMOBILE PASSENGERS..................................................................................................................... 2614 3. BOLO – DESCRIPTION ADEQUATE.......................................................................................................... 2614 4. BOLO – DESCRIPTION INADEQUATE ..................................................................................................... 2618 5. COLLECTIVE KNOWLEDGE OF OFFICERS/DISPATCH........................................................................ 2620 6. COMMERCIAL VEHICLES See also SEARCH AND SEIZURE – EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY – COMMERCIAL VEHICLES, below ....................................................................................................................... 2626 7. CRIMINAL ACTIVITY, OFFICER’S KNOWLEDGE OF ........................................................................... 2627 8. FLIGHT........................................................................................................................................................... 2642 9. GCIC REPORTS/LICENSE PLATE READERS ........................................................................................... 2646 10. GENERALLY............................................................................................................................................. 2647 11. HOT PURSUIT See JURISDICTION – HOT PURSUIT, above, and subheading SEARCHES – HOT PURSUIT , below ...................................................................................................................................................... 2652 12. INFORMANTS See SEARCH AND SEIZURE – INFORMANTS, below ............................................... 2652 13. NERVOUSNESS ........................................................................................................................................ 2652 14. ORDINANCES ........................................................................................................................................... 2653 15. OFFICER SAFETY .................................................................................................................................... 2653 16. PRESERVATION OF EVIDENCE............................................................................................................ 2654 17. PRETEXTUAL STOP/ULTERIOR MOTIVE See also subheading ARREST – PRETEXTUAL ARREST/ULTERIOR MOTIVE, above .................................................................................................................. 2654 18. RENTAL CARS.......................................................................................................................................... 2658 19. REQUESTS TO IDENTIFY....................................................................................................................... 2659 20. SEARCH WARRANT PREMISES/SURVEILLANCE PREMISES, PERSONS ON OR NEAR ............ 2659 21. SUSPECTED DRUG ACTIVITY/KNOWN DRUG AREA...................................................................... 2663 22. TRAFFIC OFFENSES – EQUIPMENT/INSURANCE/TAG VIOLATIONS .......................................... 2671 23. TRAFFIC OFFENSES – LICENSE VIOLATIONS .................................................................................. 2677 24. TRAFFIC OFFENSES – MOVING VIOLATIONS .................................................................................. 2678 25. UNCONSTITUTIONAL STATUTE/ORDINANCE, STOP BASED ON................................................. 2687 C. BORDER SECURITY......................................................................................................................................... 2687 D. COLLATERAL ESTOPPEL ............................................................................................................................... 2689 E. DESTRUCTION OF EVIDENCE....................................................................................................................... 2689 F. DETENTION BEYOND INITIAL STOP ........................................................................................................... 2689 G. EXCLUSIONARY RULE, APPLICABILITY ................................................................................................... 2723 H. EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY ......................................................................................................................... 2726 1. AUTOMOBILE PASSENGERS..................................................................................................................... 2726 2. AUTOMOBILES – OTHER ........................................................................................................................... 2729 3. BURNED/DAMAGED PREMISES ............................................................................................................... 2730 4. BUS PASSENGERS ....................................................................................................................................... 2730 5. BUSINESS PREMISES .................................................................................................................................. 2731 6. COMMERCIAL VEHICLES See also SEARCH AND SEIZURE – ARTICULABLE SUSPICION FOR STOP/TERRY STOP – COMMERCIAL VEHICLES, above ................................................................................ 2732 7. COMPUTERS, TELEPHONES, AND OTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICES ................................................. 2732 8. GENERALLY ................................................................................................................................................. 2737 9. INMATES ....................................................................................................................................................... 2738 10. LOST PROPERTY/MISLAID PROPERTY .............................................................................................. 2738 11. PERSONAL EFFECTS/PROPERTY OF OTHERS .................................................................................. 2739 12. PROBATIONERS....................................................................................................................................... 2740 13. RESIDENCES/HOTEL ROOMS – VISITORS ......................................................................................... 2740 I. FIRST TIER ENCOUNTERS – NO STOP/NO COERCION............................................................................. 2744