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1. AND FIELD SOBRIETY EVALUATIONS..................................................................................................... 845 2. AND IMPLIED CONSENT .............................................................................................................................. 850 3. AND STATEMENTS DURING STOP See EVIDENCE – STATEMENTS BY DEFENDANT, below ....... 852 P. OPINION TESTIMONY See WITNESSES – OPINION TESTIMONY – INTOXICATION, below ................. 852 Q. PER SE .................................................................................................................................................................. 852 R. PER SE – DRUGS ................................................................................................................................................. 854 S. SENTENCING ...................................................................................................................................................... 855 T. SIMILAR TRANSACTIONS See EVIDENCE – SIMILAR TRANSACATIONS– DUI, below ....................... 858 U. UNDER 21............................................................................................................................................................. 858 VIII. EVIDENCE See also main heading WITNESSES, below .................................................................................... 858 A. ADMINISTRATIVE RULES................................................................................................................................ 858 B. ADMISSIONS IN JUDICIO ................................................................................................................................. 859 C. AGENT ADMISSIONS......................................................................................................................................... 859 D. ALTERNATIVE PERPETRATOR/THIRD PARTY GUILT............................................................................... 860 E. ATTEMPT TO COMMIT A CRIME.................................................................................................................... 868 F. AUTHENTICATION See subheading FOUNDATIONS , below ......................................................................... 868 G. BATTERED PERSON SYNDROME ................................................................................................................... 868 H. BATTERER’S SYNDROME................................................................................................................................ 871 I. BENCH TRIAL, EVIDENCE AT ......................................................................................................................... 871 J. BEST EVIDENCE RULE ..................................................................................................................................... 871 K. BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE .................................................................................................................................. 874 L. BLOODHOUNDS ................................................................................................................................................. 875 M. BRADY See subheading EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE, below ......................................................................... 876 N. BUSINESS RECORDS See also subheading POLICE REPORTS , below ........................................................... 876 O. CALLER I.D.......................................................................................................................................................... 882 P. CAUSE OF DEATH.............................................................................................................................................. 882 Q. CHAIN OF CUSTODY See also subheading SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE – LAB SAMPLES, CHAIN OF CUSTODY, below .......................................................................................................................................................... 885 R. CHARACTER See also subheading PRIOR DIFFICULTIES; WITNESSES – CHARACTER WITNESSES; and WITNESSES – IMPEACHMENT - CHARACTER, both below .................................................................................. 886 1. ALIASES........................................................................................................................................................... 886 2. CIRCUMSTANCES OF ARREST/OFFENSE/RES GESTAE See also subheading HEARSAY – RES GESTAE, below ......................................................................................................................................................... 886 3. CURATIVE INSTRUCTION/ACTION ........................................................................................................... 904 4. DEFENDANT’S BELIEFS, LIFESTYLE OR RELIGION.............................................................................. 905 5. DEFENDANT’S DRUG USE/DEALING ........................................................................................................ 906 6. DEFENDANT’S SEXUAL HISTORY............................................................................................................. 907 7. DEMEANOR/GRIEF/REMORSE .................................................................................................................... 908 8. FLIGHT See EVIDENCE – FLIGHT/ESCAPE, below .................................................................................... 909 9. FUTURE DANGEROUSNESS ........................................................................................................................ 909 10. GANG AFFILIATION ................................................................................................................................. 909 11. GOOD CHARACTER .................................................................................................................................. 911 12. GUN OWNERSHIP/POSSESSION ............................................................................................................. 911 13. INTRINSIC EVIDENCE .............................................................................................................................. 912 14. JUVENILE RECORD................................................................................................................................... 913 15. LAW ENFORCEMENT RECORDS/INCARCERATION .......................................................................... 913 16. MISCELLANEOUS...................................................................................................................................... 919 17. OFFICERS’ PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF DEFENDANT............................................................................. 921 18. OTHER CHARGES/OFFENSES/SENTENCES.......................................................................................... 922 19. OTHER PURPOSES FOR EVIDENCE - GENERALLY............................................................................ 928 20. OTHER PURPOSES FOR EVIDENCE – IDENTITY ................................................................................ 931 21. OTHER PURPOSES FOR EVIDENCE – MOTIVE.................................................................................... 932 22. PLACED IN ISSUE BY DEFENDANT....................................................................................................... 940 23. REBUTTAL .................................................................................................................................................. 942 24. VICTIM’S CHARACTER See also subheading SEXUAL HISTORY OF VICTIM, below ...................... 943 25. WITNESS’S CHARACTER......................................................................................................................... 954